Global Output Fields

The data should be in the order and units described in the GSWP document. The structure of the data should be as follows:
Only the "control" integration needs to be submitted to the ICC. The data should be submitted on an exabyte (8mm) tape. There should be 4 sets of data per 2-year integration. They are in order (with numbering from the documentation):

a) Snapshot variables each decad
b) Mean variables each decad
c) fixed fields

a) Monthly mean diurnal cycles at selected points

The first set on the tape should be 2 years worth of decad snapshot variables. There are 73 time periods which should be written to tape, the initial (post spin-up) state (0000UTC01Jan1987) and the values from 0000UTC on the 1st, 11th, and 21st of each month through the last time (0000UTC01Jan1989). There are 36 snapshot variables listed in the document:

moisture production variables (5)
forcing variables (6)
state variables (25 accounting for 5 layers for 3 of the variables)

Snapshot Variables

        Soil moisture in the surface layer (mm)
        Soil moisture in the surface and rooting layers (mm)
        Soil moisture in the total soil column (mm)
        Soil wetness in the surface layer (dimensionless)
        Soil wetness in the surface and rooting layers (dimensionless)

        Downward shortwave radiation at the surface (W/m/m)
        Downward longwave radiation at the surface (W/m/m)
        Near surface temperature (K)
        Near surface specific humidity (kg/kg)
        Near surface wind speed (m/s)
        Precipitation rate (mm/hour)

        Temperature of vegetation canopy (K)
        Temperature of ground cover (K)
        Temperature of snow cover (K)
        Effective skin temperature (K)
        Temperature of soil layer 1 (K)
        Temperature of soil layer 2 (K)
        Temperature of soil layer 3 (K)
        Temperature of soil layer 4 (K)
        Temperature of soil layer 5 (K)
        Total canopy water storage (mm)
        Surface snow depth (mm liquid water equivalent)
        Soil moisture of soil layer 1 (mm)
        Soil moisture of soil layer 2 (mm)
        Soil moisture of soil layer 3 (mm)
        Soil moisture of soil layer 4 (mm)
        Soil moisture of soil layer 5 (mm)
        Soil ice of soil layer 1 (mm liquid water equivalent)
        Soil ice of soil layer 2 (mm liquid water equivalent)
        Soil ice of soil layer 3 (mm liquid water equivalent)
        Soil ice of soil layer 4 (mm liquid water equivalent)
        Soil ice of soil layer 5 (mm liquid water equivalent)
        Total soil energy content (J/m/m)
        Soil wetness index in the surface and rooting layers (dimensionless)
NEW     Available water in top meter of soil (mm)
NEW     Normalized available water in the surface and rooting layers (dimensionless)

Report first five layers for soil (top down). If your model has fewer layers, use -999 for missing layers. If you have other than the 3 layers as defined in the GSWP document, report the depths (mm) of each layer in that variable's header comment field.
Soil moisture is the total water content of the soil, expressed in mm of liquid water.
Soil Wetness ranges from 0 (completely dry) to 1 (saturated soil). It is soil moisture divided by the product of porosity and soil depth.
```
SW = SM / (D * Poros)
```
Soil Wetness Index ranges from 0 (wilting point) to 1 (field capacity). SWI could conceivable be greater than 1, or negative in certain instances.
```
SWI = (SM - WP) / (FC - WP)
```
Normalized Available Water in the surface and rooting layers ranges from 0 (wilting point) to 1 (saturation).
```
NAW = (SM - WP) / (SAT - WP)
```
Available water in the top meter of soil may have to be interpolated depending on the soil profile at a given grid point. If DR is the depth of surface and root layers, and DS is the total soil column depth, then
```
AW = SM - WP                                        DS = 1000 mm
AW = (SMr - WPr) + (SM3 - WP3) * (1000-DR) / DS     DR < 1000mm < DS
AW = (SMr - WPr) * 1000 / DR                        DR >= 1000mm
```
where r denotes the value for surface and root layers combined, and 3 means the layer(s) beneath the rooting zone. The assumption in this formulation is that soil moisture is evenly distributed throughout each layer, so that a linear interpolation can be used to estimate available water in the top meter of soil.

The second set on the tape should be 2 years worth of decad-mean variables. There are 72 time periods, 3 per month, with averaging periods from 0000UTC01-2359UTC10, 0000UTC11-2359UTC20, and 0000UTC21-2359UTC of the last day of the month (remember that Feb1988 has 29 days!!). There are 31 decad-mean variables listed in the document:

production variables (7)
water balance terms (9)
heat balance (8)
diagnostics (3)
residuals (4)

Decad Mean Variables

        Soil moisture in the surface layer (mm)
        Soil moisture in the surface and rooting layers(mm)
        Soil moisture in the total soil column (mm)
        Soil wetness index of the surface layer (dimensionless)
        Soil wetness index of the surface and rooting layers (dimensionless)
        Surface snow depth (mm liquid water equivalent)
        Effective skin temperature (K)
        Precipitation rate (mm/d)
        Surface runoff rate (mm/d)
        Total runoff rate (mm/d)
        Snowmelt rate (mm/d)
        Transpiration (mm/d)
        Bare soil evaporation (mm/d)
        Direct snow evaporation (mm/d)
        Interception loss (mm/d)
        Total evapotranspiration (mm/d)

        Downward shortwave radiation at the surface (W/m/m)
        Downward longwave radiation at the surface (W/m/m)
        Upward shortwave radiation at the surface (W/m/m)
        Upward longwave radiation at the surface (W/m/m)
        Sensible heat flux (W/m/m)
        Latent heat flux (W/m/m)
        Snow melt (W/m/m)
NEW     Ground heat flux (W/m/m)

        Dry canopy conductance (m/s)
        Aerodynamic conductance (m/s)
        Surface stress (kg/m/s/s)

        DELTA (Total canopy storage) (mm)
        DELTA (Snow depth) (mm)
        DELTA (Total soil water) (mm)
        DELTA (All water) (mm)

The third set contains a single time period and contains the time- invariant model dependent soil proerties necessary for soil moisture conversions. There are 6 fields listed in the document:

fixed fields (6)

   	Wilting Point of top & rooting layers (mm of liquid water where SWI = 0)
   	Wilting Point of total soil column (mm of liquid water where SWI = 0)
   	Field Capacity of top & rooting layers (mm of liquid water where SWI = 1)
   	Field Capacity of total soil column (mm of liquid water where SWI = 1)
   	Capacity of total soil column (porosity*total_soil_depth) (mm)
   	Capacity of top & rooting layers (porosity*root_depth) (mm)

The last set contains site specific data -- mean monthly diurnal cycles for selected points. There are 24 time periods (each calendar month). There are 14 variables listed in the document:

state variables (4)
heat balance (7)
diagnostics (3)

There are 16 points to include - for full information on the fourth set, see points.html.